BACKGROUND: More than 600,000 adults in the United States experience an out-of-hospital or in-hospital cardiac arrest each year. After resuscitation from cardiac arrest, most patients receive mechanical ventilation. The oxygenation target that optimizes neurologic outcomes after cardiac arrest is uncertain.

BACKGROUND: Whether the choice of ventilator mode affects outcomes for critically ill patients is unknown.

BACKGROUND: Bleeding is a common and sometimes fatal complication of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Whether lowering the intensity of anticoagulation during venovenous ECMO is safe or effective is unknown.

BACKGROUND: Balanced crystalloid solutions may improve clinical outcomes compared with saline for some critically ill adults, but it is unclear whether differences in composition between balanced crystalloid solutions affect outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Emergency tracheal intubation is a common and high-risk procedure. Ketamine and etomidate are sedative medicines commonly used to induce anesthesia for emergency tracheal intubation, but whether the induction medication used affects patient outcomes is uncertain.

BACKGROUND: More than 600,000 adults in the United States experience a cardiac arrest each year. After resuscitation from cardiac arrest, most patients receive mechanical ventilation. The oxygenation target that optimizes neurologic outcomes after cardiac arrest is uncertain.

BACKGROUND: Airway management is a critical component of the care of patients experiencing cardiac arrest, but data from randomized trials on the use of video vs direct laryngoscopy for intubation in the setting of cardiac arrest are limited. Current American Heart Association guidelines recommend placement of an endotracheal tube either during CPR or shortly after return of spontaneous circulation, but do not provide guidance around intubation methods, including the choice of laryngoscope.

BackgroundPatients with sepsis frequently require invasive mechanical ventilation. How oxygenation during mechanical ventilation affects clinical outcomes for patients with sepsis remains uncertain.Research QuestionTo evaluate the effects of different oxygen saturation targets on clinical outcomes for patients with sepsis receiving mechanical ventilation.Study Design and MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of the Pragmatic Investigation of optimaL Oxygen Targets (PILOT) trial dataset among…

CONCLUSIONS: Among 2654 critically ill patients undergoing tracheal intubation in an ED or an ICU, diabetes mellitus was not independently associated with the time from induction to intubation, the probability of successful intubation on the first attempt, or the rate of complications during intubation.

CONCLUSIONS: Among critically ill adults receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, the use of volume control, pressure control, or adaptive pressure control did not affect the number of ventilator-free days, however, confidence intervals included differences that may be clinically meaningful.

CONCLUSION: Among critically ill adults undergoing tracheal intubation, the incidences of successful intubation on the first attempt and severe complications were not significantly different between patients who received succinylcholine and patients who received rocuronium.

CONCLUSIONS: Among critically ill adults undergoing tracheal intubation, preoxygenation with noninvasive ventilation resulted in a lower incidence of hypoxemia during intubation than preoxygenation with an oxygen mask. (Funded by the U.S. Department of Defense; PREOXI ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05267652.).

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CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among hospitalized adults in this randomized clinical trial, treatment with piperacillin-tazobactam did not increase the incidence of acute kidney injury or death. Treatment with cefepime resulted in more neurological dysfunction.

CONCLUSIONS: Among critically ill adults undergoing tracheal intubation in an emergency department or ICU, the use of a video laryngoscope resulted in a higher incidence of successful intubation on the first attempt than the use of a direct laryngoscope. (Funded by the U.S. Department of Defense; DEVICE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05239195.).

INTRODUCTION: Among critically ill patients undergoing orotracheal intubation in the emergency department (ED) or intensive care unit (ICU), failure to visualise the vocal cords and intubate the trachea on the first attempt is associated with an increased risk of complications. Two types of laryngoscopes are commonly available: direct laryngoscopes and video laryngoscopes. For critically ill adults undergoing emergency tracheal intubation, it remains uncertain whether the use of a video…

CONCLUSIONS: Among critically ill adults receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, the number of ventilator-free days did not differ among groups in which a lower, intermediate, or higher Spo(2) target was used. (Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; PILOT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03537937.).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among critically ill adults undergoing tracheal intubation, administration of an intravenous fluid bolus compared with no fluid bolus did not significantly decrease the incidence of cardiovascular collapse.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among critically ill adults undergoing tracheal intubation, use of a bougie did not significantly increase the incidence of successful intubation on the first attempt compared with use of an endotracheal tube with stylet.