The Pragmatic Critical Care Research Group (PCCRG) is a network of emergency medicine, anesthesiology, and critical care clinicians and researchers at more than 25 hospitals across the United States that embeds pragmatic trials within clinical care to improve outcomes for acutely ill patients.

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“Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults.”

Journal: New England Journal of Medicine
PMID: 29485925
Category: Clinical Trial Results (SMART Trial)


“Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Noncritically Ill Adults.”

Journal: New England Journal of Medicine
PMID: 29485926
Category: Clinical Trial Results (SALT-ED Trial)


“Effect of Use of a Bougie vs Endotracheal Tube With Stylet on Successful Intubation on the First Attempt Among Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Tracheal Intubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.”

Journal: NEJM
PMID: 34879143
Category: Clinical Trial Results (BOUGIE Trial)


“Effect of Fluid Bolus Administration on Cardiovascular Collapse Among Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Tracheal Intubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial”

Journal: JAMA
PMID: 35707974
Category: Clinical Trial Results (PREPAREII Trial)


“Protocolized Postextubation Respiratory Support to Prevent Reintubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.”

Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 33794131
Category: Clinical Trial Results (PROPER Trial)


“Effect of a fluid bolus on cardiovascular collapse among critically ill adults undergoing tracheal intubation (PrePARE): a randomised controlled trial.”

Journal: Lancet Respiratory Medicine
PMID: 31585796
Category: Clinical Trial Results (PREPARE Trial)


“Bag-Mask Ventilation during Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults.”

Journal: New England Journal of Medicine
PMID: 30779528
Category: Clinical Trial Results (PreVent Trial)


“A Multicenter Randomized Trial of a Checklist for Endotracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults.”

Journal: Chest
PMID: 28917549
Category: Clinical Trial Results (CHECK-Up Trial: Checklist)

“A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Ramped Position vs Sniffing Position During Endotracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults.”

Journal: Chest
PMID: 28487139
Category: Clinical Trial Results (CHECK-Up Trial: Up)


“Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in the Intensive Care Unit. The SALT Randomized Trial.”

Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 27749094
Category: Clinical Trial Results (SALT Trial)

All Publications

Manuscript Title: “Emergency Tracheal Intubation: A Procedure in Need of Better Evidence.”
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 35579619
Category: Editorial (Emergency Tracheal Intubation)

Manuscript Title: “Reply to: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation transport for severe COVID-19 – why we can and should!”
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 35882061
Category: Letter to Editor (ECMO)

Manuscript Title: “Effect of Fluid Bolus Administration on Cardiovascular Collapse Among Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Tracheal Intubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial”
Journal: JAMA
PMID: 35707974
Category: Clinical Trial Results (PREPAREII Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Intravenous fluid therapy in sepsis.”
Journal: Nutrition in Clinical Practice
PMID: 35801708
Category: Review (Fluid Management)

Manuscript Title: “Bag-Mask Ventilation Versus Apneic Oxygenation During Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults: A Secondary Analysis of 2 Randomized Trials.”
Journal: Journal of Intensive Care Medicine
PMID: 34898310
Category: Secondary Analysis of Clinical Trial Results (PreVent and FELLOW Trials)

Manuscript Title: “Back to BaSICS: Early Treatments Matter in Critical Illness.”
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 35486860
Category: Editorial (Fluid Management)

Manuscript Title: “Association between Availability of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 Eligible for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Natural Experiment.”
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 35212255
Category: Observational Study (ECMO)

Manuscript Title: “Predicting Mortality for Patients Eligible for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19.”
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 35549663
Category: Observational Study (ECMO)

Manuscript Title: “Intravenous Fluids-A Test Case for Learning Health Systems.”
Journal: JAMA Network Open
PMID: 35503223
Category: Editorial (Fluid Management)

Manuscript Title: “Balanced crystalloid vs saline in adults with traumatic brain injury: secondary analysis of a clinical trial.”
Journal: Journal of Neurotrauma
PMID: 35443809
Category: Secondary Analysis of Clinical Trial Results (SMART Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Use of a Bougie vs Endotracheal Tube With Stylet and Successful Intubation on the First Attempt Among Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Tracheal Intubation-Reply.”
Journal: JAMA
PMID: 35438731
Category: Letter to Editor (BOUGIE Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Effect of Use of a Bougie vs Endotracheal Tube With Stylet on Successful Intubation on the First Attempt Among Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Tracheal Intubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.”
Journal: NEJM
PMID: 34879143
Category: Clinical Trial Results (BOUGIE Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Safety and Feasibility of a Protocolized Daily Assessment of Readiness for Liberation From Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.”
Journal: Chest
PMID: 34166644
Category: Observational Study (ECMO)

Manuscript Title: “Protocol and statistical analysis plan for the Pragmatic Investigation of optimaL Oxygen Targets (PILOT) clinical trial.”
Journal: BMJ Open
PMID: 34711597
Category: Statistical Analysis Plan (PILOT Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Protocolized Postextubation Respiratory Support to Prevent Reintubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.”
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 33794131
Category: Clinical Trial Results (PROPER Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Balanced crystalloids versus saline in critically ill adults with low plasma bicarbonate: A secondary analysis of a clinical trial.”
Journal: Journal of Critical Care
PMID: 33500146
Category: Secondary Analysis of Clinical Trial Results (SMART Trial)


Manuscript Title: “BOugie or stylet in patients UnderGoing Intubation Emergently (BOUGIE): protocol and statistical analysis plan for a randomised clinical trial.”
Journal: BMJ Open
PMID: 34035106
Category: Statistical Analysis Plan (BOUGIE Trial)


Manuscript Title: “Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults with Hyperkalemia or Acute Kidney Injury: Secondary Analysis of a Clinical Trial.”
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 33503391
Category: Secondary Analysis of Clinical Trial Results (SMART Trial)


Manuscript Title: “Effect of balanced crystalloids versus saline on urinary biomarkers of acute kidney injury in critically ill adults.”
Journal: BMC Nephrology
PMID: 33546622
Category: Secondary Analysis of Clinical Trial Results (SMART Trial)


Manuscript Title: “Effect of Early Balanced Crystalloids Before ICU Admission on Sepsis Outcomes.”
Journal: Chest
PMID: 32882244
Category: Secondary Analysis of Clinical Trial Results (SMART Trial)


Manuscript Title: “Severity of illness scores at presentation predict ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19.”
Journal: Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 34179689
Category: Observational Study (COVID)


Manuscript Title: “Time to First Culture Positivity for Gram-Negative Rods Resistant to Ceftriaxone in Critically Ill Adults.”
Journal: Journal of Intensive Care Medicine
PMID: 33016193
Category: Secondary Analysis of Clinical Trial Results (SMART Trial)


Manuscript Title: “Conservative Fluid Management After Sepsis Resuscitation: A Pilot Randomized Trial.”
Journal: Journal of Intensive Care Medicine
PMID: 30630380
Category: Clinical Trial Results (BALANCE Trial)


Manuscript Title: “Bleeding, Thromboembolism, and Clinical Outcomes in Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.”
Journal: Critical Care Explorations
PMID: 33196049
Category: Observational Study (ECMO)

Manuscript Title: “Clinical Effects of Balanced Crystalloids vs Saline in Adults With Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Subgroup Analysis of Cluster Randomized Clinical Trials.”
Journal: JAMA Network Open
PMID: 33196806
Category: Secondary Analysis of Clinical Trial Results (SMART Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Renin, Angiotensin II, and the Journey to Evidence-based Individual Treatment Effects.”
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 32749864
Category: Editorial (Trial Design)

Manuscript Title: “Protocol and statistical analysis plan for the PREventing cardiovascular collaPse with Administration of fluid REsuscitation during Induction and Intubation (PREPARE II) randomised clinical trial.”
Journal: BMJ Open
PMID: 32948554
Category: Statistical Analysis Plan (PREPAREII Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Collapse during Tracheal Intubation of Critically III Adults.”
Journal: Annals of the American Thoracic Society
PMID: 32364753
Category: Secondary Analysis of Clinical Trial Results (Airway Trials)

Manuscript Title: “Big Data for Clinical Trials: Automated Collection of SpO2 for a Trial of Oxygen Targets during Mechanical Ventilation.”
Journal: Annals of the American Thoracic Society
PMID: 32364753
Category: Methods (Bioinformatics)

Manuscript Title: “Reply to Gueret et al. and to Hammond et al.”
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 31972099
Category: Letter to the Editor (SMART Secondary Analysis)

Manuscript Title: “Oxygen Targets for Patients Who Are Critically Ill: Emerging Data and State of Equipoise.”
Journal: Chest
PMID: 32145801
Category: Editorial (Oxygen Targets)

Manuscript Title: “Time to First Culture Positivity Among Critically Ill Adults With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Growth in Respiratory or Blood Cultures.”
Journal: Ann Pharmacotherapy
PMID: 31544471
Category: Secondary Analysis of Clinical Trial Results (SMART Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Sepsis. A Secondary Analysis of the SMART Clinical Trial.”
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 31454263
Category: Secondary Analysis of Clinical Trial Results (SMART Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Effect of a fluid bolus on cardiovascular collapse among critically ill adults undergoing tracheal intubation (PrePARE): a randomised controlled trial.”
Journal: Lancet Respiratory Medicine
PMID: 31585796
Category: Clinical Trial Results (PREPARE Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Effect of Interhospital ICU Relocation on Patient Physiology and Clinical Outcomes.”
Journal: Journal of Medical Systems
PMID: 32737684
Category: Observational Study

Manuscript Title: “Randomized Clinical Trial of an ICU Recovery Pilot Program for Survivors of Critical Illness.”
Journal: Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 31385881
Category: Clinical Trial Results (ICU Survivor Clinic Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Protocolized Post-Extubation Respiratory Support to prevent reintubation: protocol and statistical analysis plan for a clinical trial.”
Journal: BMJ Open
PMID: 31377713
Category: Statistical Analysis Plan (PROPER Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Beginning of the End? End-tidal Oxygen as an Outcome in Airway Management Research.”
Journal: EClinical Medicine
PMID: 31517257
Category: Editorial (Emergency Tracheal Intubation)

Manuscript Title: “Emulating a Novel Clinical Trial Using Existing Observational Data. Predicting Results of the PreVent Study.”
Journal: Annals of the American Thoracic Society
PMID: 31038996
Category: Secondary Analysis of Clinical Trials Results (Airway Trials)

Manuscript Title: “Bag-Mask Ventilation during Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults. Reply.”
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine
PMID: 31216410
Category: Letter to the Editor (PreVent Trial)

Manuscript Title: “The effect of adhesive tape versus endotracheal tube fastener in critically ill adults: the endotracheal tube securement (ETTS) randomized controlled trial.”
Journal: Critical Care
PMID: 31064406
Category: Clinical Trial Results (ETTS Trial)

Manuscript Title: “How I manage a difficult intubation.”
Journal: Critical Care
PMID: 31096995
Category: Editorial (Emergency Tracheal Intubation)

Manuscript Title: “Fluid Management in Sepsis.”
Journal: Journal of Intensive Care Medicine
PMID: 29986619
Category: Review (Fluid Management)

Manuscript Title: “Sodium bicarbonate for severe metabolic acidaemia.”
Journal: Lancet
PMID: 30967212
Category: Editorial (Fluid Management)

Manuscript Title: “Ventilation before intubation: how to prevent hypoxaemia?”
Journal: Lancet Respiratory Medicine
PMID: 30898521
Category: Editorial (Emergency Tracheal Intubation)

Manuscript Title: “Bag-Mask Ventilation during Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults.”
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine
PMID: 30779528
Category: Clinical Trial Results (PreVent Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Fluid Management in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.”
Journal: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 31060088
Category: Review (Fluid Management)

Manuscript Title: “Resuscitation fluids.”
Journal: Current Opinion in Critical Care
PMID: 30247219
Category: Review (Fluid Management)

Manuscript Title: “Risk Factors for and Prediction of Hypoxemia during Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults.”
Journal: Annals of the American Thoracic Society
PMID: 30109943
Category: Secondary Analysis of Clinical Trial Results (Airway Trials)

Manuscript Title: “Heterogeneity of Treatment Effect by Baseline Risk in a Trial of Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline.”
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 29897785
Category: Secondary Analysis of Clinical Trial Results (SMART Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Validation of a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score using Electronic Health Record Data.”
Journal: Journal of Medical Systems
PMID: 30218383
Category: Methods (Bioinformatics)

Manuscript Title: “Manual ventilation to prevent hypoxaemia during endotracheal intubation of critically ill adults: protocol and statistical analysis plan for a multicentre randomised trial.”
Journal: BMJ Open
PMID: 30099400
Category: Statistical Analysis Plan (PreVent Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Making the Medicine Go Down: Salt or Sugar?”
Journal: Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 30004966
Category: Editorial (Fluid Management)

Manuscript Title: “Response.”
Journal: Chest
PMID: 29884260
Category: Letter to the Editor (CHECK-Up Trial: Checklist)

Manuscript Title: “Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults.”
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine
PMID: 29768150
Category: Letter to the Editor (SMART Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Reply to Vincent and De Backer: We Do Not Appreciate SALT.”
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 29509507
Category: Letter to Editor (SALT Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Response.”
Journal: Chest
PMID: 29626955
Category: Letter to the Editor (CHECK-Up Trial: Checklist)

Manuscript Title: “A Multicenter Randomized Trial of a Checklist for Endotracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults.”
Journal: Chest
PMID: 28917549
Category: Clinical Trial Results (CHECK-Up Trial: Checklist)

Manuscript Title: “Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Noncritically Ill Adults.”
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine|
PMID: 29485926
Category: Clinical Trial Results (SALT-ED Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults.”
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine
PMID: 29485925
Category: Clinical Trial Results (SMART Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Response.”
Journal: Chest
PMID: 29406220
Category: Letter to the Editor (CHECK-Up Trial: Up)

Manuscript Title: “Response.”
Journal: Chest
PMID: 29223265
Category: Letter to the Editor (CHECK-Up Trial: Up)

Manuscript Title: “Response.”
Journal: Chest
PMID: 29126526
Category: Letter to the Editor (CHECK-Up Trial: Up)

Manuscript Title: “A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Ramped Position vs Sniffing Position During Endotracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults.”
Journal: Chest
PMID: 28487139
Category: Clinical Trial Results (CHECK-Up Trial: Up)

Manuscript Title: “Predicting Major Adverse Kidney Events among Critically Ill Adults Using the Electronic Health Record.”
Journal: Journal of Medical Systems
PMID: 28622220
Category: Methods (Bioinformatics)

Manuscript Title: “Hypothermia for the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome? Cool It.”
Journal: Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 28622220
Category: Editorial (ARDS)

Manuscript Title: “Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in the Intensive Care Unit. The SALT Randomized Trial.”
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 27749094
Category: Clinical Trial Results (SALT Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Saline versus balanced crystalloids for intravenous fluid therapy in the emergency department: study protocol for a cluster-randomized, multiple-crossover trial.”
Journal: Trials
PMID: 28407811
Category: Statistical Analysis Plan (SALT-ED Trial)

Manuscript Title: “The authors reply.”
Journal: Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 28291113
Category: Letter to the Editor (FELLOW Trial: VL/DL)

Manuscript Title: “The authors reply.”
Journal: Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 28291111
Category: Letter to the Editor (FELLOW Trial: VL/DL)

Manuscript Title: “The authors reply.”
Journal: Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 28212228
Category: Letter to the Editor (FELLOW Trial: VL/DL)

Manuscript Title: “Balanced crystalloids versus saline in the intensive care unit: study protocol for a cluster-randomized, multiple-crossover trial.”
Journal: Trials
PMID: 28302179
Category: Statistical Analysis Plan (SMART Trial)

Manuscript Title: “Randomized Trial of Video Laryngoscopy for Endotracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults.”
Journal: Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 27355526
Category: Clinical Trial Results (FELLOW Trial: VL/DL)

Manuscript Title: “Response.”
Journal: Chest
PMID: 27613978
Category: Letter to Editor (ICU Administration)

Manuscript Title: “Saline Is Not the First Choice for Crystalloid Resuscitation Fluids.”
Journal: Critical Care Medicine.”
PMID: 27428117
Category: Review (Fluid Management)

Manuscript Title: “Identification of Major Adverse Kidney Events Within the Electronic Health Record.”
Journal: Journal of Medical Systems
PMID: 27234478
Category: Methods (Bioinformatics)

Manuscript Title: “Reply: Apneic Oxygenation Has Not Been Disproven.”
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 27248595
Category: Letter to Editor (CHECK-Up Trial: VL/DL)

Manuscript Title: “Sepsis Resuscitation: Fluid Choice and Dose.”
Journal: Clinics in Chest Medicine
PMID: 27229641
Category: Review (Fluid Management)

Manuscript Title: “Outcomes of Nurse Practitioner-Delivered Critical Care: A Prospective Cohort Study.”
Journal: Chest
PMID: 26836900
Category: Observational Study (ICU Administration)

Manuscript Title: “Randomized Trial of Apneic Oxygenation during Endotracheal Intubation of the Critically Ill.”
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
PMID: 27355526
Category: Clinical Trial Results (FELLOW Trial: AO)

Manuscript Title: “Leveraging Clinical Informatics in the Conduct of Clinical Trials.”
Journal: Journal of Medical Systems
PMID: 26276019
Category: Methods (Trial Design)