The Pragmatic Critical Care Research Group (PCCRG) is a network of emergency medicine, anesthesiology, and critical care clinicians and researchers at more than 25 hospitals across the United States that embeds pragmatic trials within clinical care to improve outcomes for acutely ill patients.

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Results of Randomized Clinical Trials

Ketamine or Etomidate for Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults

Publication: The New England journal of medicine. Apr 2026
PubMed ID: 41369227

Noninvasive Ventilation for Preoxygenation during Emergency Intubation

Publication: The New England journal of medicine. Jun 2024
PubMed ID: 38869091

ETTS

Defining Successful Intubation on the First Attempt Using Both Laryngoscope and Endotracheal Tube Insertions: A Secondary Analysis of Clinical Trial Data
Publication: American College of Emergency Physicians Oct 2023
PubMed ID: 37074254

Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults

Publication: The New England journal of medicine. Aug 2023
PubMed ID: 37326325

Oxygen-Saturation Targets for Critically Ill Adults Receiving Mechanical Ventilation

Publication: The New England journal of medicine. Nov 2022
PubMed ID: 36278971

Protocolized Postextubation Respiratory Support to Prevent Reintubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Aug 2021
PubMed ID: 33794131

ICU Survivor

Randomized Clinical Trial of an ICU Recovery Pilot Program for Survivors of Critical Illness
Publication: Critical Care Medicine Oct 2019
PubMed ID: 31385881

Bag-Mask Ventilation during Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults

Publication: The New England journal of medicine. Feb 2019
PubMed ID: 30779528

Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults

Publication: The New England journal of medicine. Mar 2018
PubMed ID: 29485925

Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Noncritically Ill Adults

Publication: The New England journal of medicine. Mar 2018
PubMed ID: 29485926

Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in the Intensive Care Unit. The SALT Randomized Trial

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine May 2017
PubMed ID: 27749094

Randomized Trial of Apneic Oxygenation during Endotracheal Intubation of the Critically Ill

Publication: American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. Feb 2016
PubMed ID: 26426458

All Publications

Ketamine or Etomidate for Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults

Publication: The New England journal of medicine. Apr 2026
PubMed ID: 41369227

Response

Publication: Chest Oct 2025
PubMed ID: 41073050

Reply to Hyder et al.: Emergency Intubation: A High-Stakes Procedure with Critical Gaps in Understanding Team Impact

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Sep 2025
PubMed ID: 40540696

Evidence-based Emergency Tracheal Intubation

Publication: American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. Jul 2025
PubMed ID: 40238943

Noninvasive Ventilation for Preoxygenation during Emergency Intubation. Reply

Publication: The New England journal of medicine. Sep 2024
PubMed ID: 39292942

Individualized treatment in critical care: the oxygenation paradigm

Publication: Intensive Care Medicine Aug 2024
PubMed ID: 38985181

Noninvasive Ventilation for Preoxygenation during Emergency Intubation

Publication: The New England journal of medicine. Jun 2024
PubMed ID: 38869091

Noninvasive Ventilation for Preoxygenation during Emergency Intubation

Publication: New England Journal of Medicine May 2024
PubMed ID: 38869091

ETTS

Defining Successful Intubation on the First Attempt Using Both Laryngoscope and Endotracheal Tube Insertions: A Secondary Analysis of Clinical Trial Data
Publication: American College of Emergency Physicians Oct 2023
PubMed ID: 37074254

Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults

Publication: The New England journal of medicine. Aug 2023
PubMed ID: 37326325

Individualized Treatment Effects of Bougie versus Stylet for Tracheal Intubation inCritical Illness

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Jun 2023
PubMed ID: 36877594

Reply to: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation transport for severe COVID-19 – why we can and should!

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Dec 2022
PubMed ID: 35882061

Oxygen-Saturation Targets for Critically Ill Adults Receiving Mechanical Ventilation

Publication: The New England journal of medicine. Nov 2022
PubMed ID: 36278971

Intravenous fluid therapy in sepsis.

Publication: Nutrition in Clinical Practice Oct 2022
PubMed ID: 35801708

Predicting Mortality for Patients Eligible for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19.

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Sep 2022
PubMed ID: 35549663

Emergency Tracheal Intubation: A Procedure in Need of Better Evidence.

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Aug 2022
PubMed ID: 35579619

Back to BaSICS: Early Treatments Matter in Critical Illness.

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Jun 2022
PubMed ID: 35486860

Intravenous Fluids-A Test Case for Learning Health Systems

Publication: JAMA Network Open May 2022
PubMed ID: 3550322

“Protocolized Postextubation Respiratory Support to Prevent Reintubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.”

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Aug 2021
PubMed ID: 33794131

Protocolized Postextubation Respiratory Support to Prevent Reintubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Aug 2021
PubMed ID: 33794131

Severity of illness scores at presentation predict ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19.

Publication: Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Jan 2021
PubMed ID: 34179689

Conservative Fluid Management After Sepsis Resuscitation: A Pilot Randomized Trial

Publication: Journal of Intensive Care Medicine Dec 2020
PubMed ID: 30630380

Renin, Angiotensin II, and the Journey to Evidence-based Individual Treatment Effects.

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Nov 2020
PubMed ID: 32749864

Reply to Gueret et al. and to Hammond et al.

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine May 2020
PubMed ID: 31972099

Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Sepsis. A Secondary Analysis of the SMART Clinical Trial.

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Dec 2019
PubMed ID: 31454263

ICU Survivor

Randomized Clinical Trial of an ICU Recovery Pilot Program for Survivors of Critical Illness
Publication: Critical Care Medicine Oct 2019
PubMed ID: 31385881

Fluid Management in Sepsis.

Publication: Journal of Intensive Care Medicine May 2019
PubMed ID: 29986619

How I manage a difficult intubation.

Publication: Critical Care May 2019
PubMed ID: 31096995

Ventilation before intubation: how to prevent hypoxaemia?

Publication: Lancet Respiratory Medicine Apr 2019
PubMed ID: 30898521

“Bag-Mask Ventilation during Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults.”

Publication: New England Journal of Medicine Feb 2019
PubMed ID: 30779528

Fluid Management in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Publication: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Feb 2019
PubMed ID: 31060088

Bag-Mask Ventilation during Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults.

Publication: New England Journal of Medicine Feb 2019
PubMed ID: 30779528

Bag-Mask Ventilation during Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults

Publication: The New England journal of medicine. Feb 2019
PubMed ID: 30779528

Resuscitation fluids.

Publication: Current Opinion in Critical Care Dec 2018
PubMed ID: 30247219

Heterogeneity of Treatment Effect by Baseline Risk in a Trial of Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline.

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Sep 2018
PubMed ID: 29897785

Making the Medicine Go Down: Salt or Sugar?

Publication: Critical Care Medicine Aug 2018
PubMed ID: 30004966

Response.

Publication: Chest Jun 2018
PubMed ID: 29884260

Reply to Vincent and De Backer: We Do Not Appreciate SALT.

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine May 2018
PubMed ID: 29509507

Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults.

Publication: New England Journal of Medicine May 2018
PubMed ID: 29768150

Response.

Publication: Chest Apr 2018
PubMed ID: 29626955

Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults.

Publication: New England Journal of Medicine Mar 2018
PubMed ID: 29485925

“Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Noncritically Ill Adults.”

Publication: New England Journal of Medicine Mar 2018
PubMed ID: 29485926

“Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults.”

Publication: New England Journal of Medicine Mar 2018
PubMed ID: 29485925

Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Noncritically Ill Adults.

Publication: New England Journal of Medicine| Mar 2018
PubMed ID: 29485926

Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults

Publication: The New England journal of medicine. Mar 2018
PubMed ID: 29485925

Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Noncritically Ill Adults

Publication: The New England journal of medicine. Mar 2018
PubMed ID: 29485926

Response.

Publication: Chest Feb 2018
PubMed ID: 29406220

Response.

Publication: Chest Dec 2017
PubMed ID: 29223265

Response.

Publication: Chest Nov 2017
PubMed ID: 29126526

Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in the Intensive Care Unit. The SALT Randomized Trial.

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine May 2017
PubMed ID: 27749094

“Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in the Intensive Care Unit. The SALT Randomized Trial.”

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine May 2017
PubMed ID: 27749094

Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in the Intensive Care Unit. The SALT Randomized Trial

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine May 2017
PubMed ID: 27749094

The authors reply.

Publication: Critical Care Medicine Apr 2017
PubMed ID: 28291111

The authors reply.

Publication: Critical Care Medicine Apr 2017
PubMed ID: 28291113

The authors reply.

Publication: Critical Care Medicine Mar 2017
PubMed ID: 28212228

Randomized Trial of Apneic Oxygenation during Endotracheal Intubation of the Critically Ill.

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Nov 2016
PubMed ID: 26426458

Response.

Publication: Chest Sep 2016
PubMed ID: 27613978

Sepsis Resuscitation: Fluid Choice and Dose.

Publication: Clinics in Chest Medicine Jun 2016
PubMed ID: 27229641

Reply: Apneic Oxygenation Has Not Been Disproven.

Publication: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Jun 2016
PubMed ID: 27248595

Randomized Trial of Apneic Oxygenation during Endotracheal Intubation of the Critically Ill

Publication: American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. Feb 2016
PubMed ID: 26426458

Leveraging Clinical Informatics in the Conduct of Clinical Trials.

Publication: Journal of Medical Systems Oct 2015
PubMed ID: 26276019